Papers with OpenAI’s o1
MGPO: Thinking with Images via Multi-Turn Grounding-Based Reinforcement Learning (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | State-of-the-art large multimodal models face challenges when processing high-resolution images, as these inputs are converted into enormous visual tokens, many of which are irrelevant to the downstream task. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-turn grounding-based policy optimization framework that enables LMMs to iteratively focus on key visual regions by automatically cropping sub-images based on model-predicted grounding coordinates within a multiple-turn conversation framework. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves on Qwen2.5-VL-7B with 21K samples and surpasses OpenAI’s o1 and GPT-4o models on the out-of-distribution (OOD) V* Bench. |
TokenSkip: Controllable Chain-of-Thought Compression in LLMs (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has been proven effective in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). |
| Approach: | They propose a chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting approach that enables LLMs to selectively skip less important tokens, allowing for controllable CoT compression. |
| Outcome: | Experiments show that TokenSkip reduces CoT token usage while preserving strong reasoning performance. |
Enhancing Reasoning Abilities of Small LLMs with Cognitive Alignment (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to distill chain-of-thought (CoT) results from large language reasoning models (LRMs) to small models are ineffective and require substantial amount of annotated data. |
| Approach: | They propose a Critique-Rethink-Verify system for training small language reasoning models that can be critiquized according to the cognitive capabilities of smaller models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system outperforms other methods on challenging reasoning benchmarks. |
Is a Peeled Apple Still Red? Evaluating LLMs’ Ability for Conceptual Combination with Property Type (2025.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Conceptual combination is a cognitive process that merges basic concepts, enabling the creation of complex expressions. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a Conceptual Combination with Property Type dataset to evaluate LLMs for conceptual combination thoroughly. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves performance in all generative tasks. |
Implicit Reasoning in Transformers is Reasoning through Shortcuts (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Language models can perform step-by-step reasoning and achieve high accuracy in both in-domain and out-of-domain tests via implicit reasoning. |
| Approach: | They train GPT-2 from scratch on a curated multi-step mathematical reasoning dataset and conduct analytical experiments to investigate how language models perform implicit reasoning in multi- step tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs better on multi-step tasks than the explicit reasoning model. |
Evaluating Test-Time Scaling LLMs for Legal Reasoning: OpenAI o1, DeepSeek-R1, and Beyond (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Experimental results show that Legal-R1 delivers competitive performance across diverse tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose to evaluate 12 large language models across 17 legal tasks across statutory and case-law traditions to determine their general reasoning performance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs well across 17 legal tasks across statutory and case-law traditions. |
Can LLMs Generate and Solve Linguistic Olympiad Puzzles? (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks for solving linguistic puzzles are outdated and require expert linguists to ensure validity. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel task that uses Large Language Models to generate and solve linguistic puzzles for high school students. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms humans on most puzzle types except for those centered on writing systems and for the understudied languages. |